全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10261篇 |
免费 | 1254篇 |
国内免费 | 3096篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 7129篇 |
晶体学 | 351篇 |
力学 | 3142篇 |
综合类 | 109篇 |
数学 | 813篇 |
物理学 | 3067篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 19篇 |
2023年 | 171篇 |
2022年 | 357篇 |
2021年 | 435篇 |
2020年 | 465篇 |
2019年 | 361篇 |
2018年 | 305篇 |
2017年 | 516篇 |
2016年 | 564篇 |
2015年 | 440篇 |
2014年 | 595篇 |
2013年 | 865篇 |
2012年 | 663篇 |
2011年 | 743篇 |
2010年 | 636篇 |
2009年 | 689篇 |
2008年 | 734篇 |
2007年 | 810篇 |
2006年 | 687篇 |
2005年 | 682篇 |
2004年 | 616篇 |
2003年 | 544篇 |
2002年 | 415篇 |
2001年 | 380篇 |
2000年 | 304篇 |
1999年 | 249篇 |
1998年 | 221篇 |
1997年 | 205篇 |
1996年 | 166篇 |
1995年 | 142篇 |
1994年 | 128篇 |
1993年 | 93篇 |
1992年 | 85篇 |
1991年 | 68篇 |
1990年 | 49篇 |
1989年 | 34篇 |
1988年 | 37篇 |
1987年 | 34篇 |
1986年 | 33篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 15篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1957年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
New PP/PLA/cellulose composites: effect of cellulose functionalization on accelerated weathering behavior (accelerated weathering behavior of new PP/PLA/cellulose composites) 下载免费PDF全文
Raluca Nicoleta Darie Stelian Vlad Narcis Anghel Florica Doroftei Tarja Tamminen Iuliana Spiridon 《先进技术聚合物》2015,26(8):941-952
Polylactic acid (PLA) was used as partial replacement for conventional thermoplastic matrix, new composites comprising cellulose, polypropylene (PP), and PLA being realized. In order to obtain a compatible interface between cellulosic pulp and polymeric matrix, two chemical modifications of cellulose with stearoyl chloride and toluene di‐isocyanate (TDI) were performed, structural changes being evidenced by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The composite materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic scanning calorimetry, impact, tensile and melt rheological tests, surface tension, and dynamic vapor sorption. Because promising results for impact strength and Young modulus were recorded when replacing 15% of PP with PLA in blends of PP with the same cellulosic pulp load, the aim of our study was to assess the behavior to accelerate weathering of composites comprising PP, cellulosic pulp, and PLA. Although the slight decrease in the mechanical properties was recorded after accelerated weathering, the use of functionalized cellulose successfully prevented the deterioration of surface materials, especially for composite comprising stearoyl chloride treated cellulose pulp. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
92.
A generalized technique for the encapsulation of nano‐sized NiO particles by styrene‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer 下载免费PDF全文
M. Shamim Hossan M. Abdur Rahman Klaus Tauer Hideto Minami Hasan Ahmad 《先进技术聚合物》2015,26(9):1047-1052
Encapsulation of nickel oxide (NiO) particles is of great interest to the researchers as such modification produces remarkable improvement in properties and versatility in application potential. In this investigation, nanosized NiO particles were first prepared by calcination of nickel hydroxide precursor obtained using a simple liquid‐phase process. The produced NiO particles were stabilized with oleic acid and then treated with tetraethylorthosilicate to produce NiO/SiO2 composite seed particles. Finally tri‐layered inorganic/organic composite particles were prepared by seeded copolymerization of styrene and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in the presence of NiO/SiO2 composite seed particles. The produced composite particles named as NiO/SiO2/P(S‐HEMA) were colloidally stable, and the obtained particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
93.
Fabrication and performance of microencapsulated phase change materials with hybrid shell by in situ polymerization in Pickering emulsion 下载免费PDF全文
Microencapsulated phase change materials (MePCMs) using melamine–formaldehyde resin/SiO2 as shell were investigated in this paper. Organically modified SiO2 particles were employed to stabilize Pickering emulsion, and in situ polymerization of melamine and formaldehyde was carried out to form hybrid shell. The performances of resultant MePCMs with hybrid shell were investigated comparatively with the MePCMs with polymer shell. SiO2 particles raise the microencapsulation efficiency by improving the stability of emulsion and providing a precipitation site for melamine–formaldehyde resin. Also, the mechanical strength, thermal reliability, and anti‐osmosis performance of MePCMs were improved significantly by SiO2 particles in the shell. Our study shows that Pickering emulsion is a simple and robust template for MePCMs with polymer‐inorganic hybrid shell. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
94.
Dr. Mostofa K. Khan Anas Bsoul Prof. Konrad Walus Dr. Wadood Y. Hamad Prof. Mark J. MacLachlan 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(14):4304-4308
Chiral nematic mesoporous phenol‐formaldehyde resins, which were prepared using cellulose nanocrystals as a template, can be used as a substrate to produce latent photonic images. These resins undergo swelling, which changes their reflected color. By writing on the films with chemical inks, the density of methylol groups in the resin changes, subsequently affecting their degree of swelling and, consequently, their color. Writing on the films gives latent images that are revealed only upon swelling of the films. Using inkjet printing, it is possible to make higher resolution photonic patterns both as text and images that can be visualized by swelling and erased by drying. This novel approach to printing photonic patterns in resin films may be applied to anti‐counterfeit tags, signage, and decorative applications. 相似文献
95.
Phase pure AlPO4 with the AlPO4-18 (AEI) structure was synthesised using N,N-diisopropylethyla-mine as a template. Using a combination of X-ray powder diffraction and computational methods, the location and orientation of the N,N-diisopropylethylamine molecules inside the cages of the AEI structure were determined. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that the number of template molecules per unit cell was consistent with the diffraction study. We unequivocally show that only one template molecule is present in each cage of the crystalline AEI material. Our work demon-strates that a combined approach enables accurate structure resolution of such complex materials. 相似文献
96.
K.Vignarooban J.Lin A.Arvay S.Kolli I.Kruusenberg K.Tammeveski L.Munukutla A.M.Kannan 《催化学报》2015,(4):458-472
Low temperature fuel cells are an attractive technology for transportation and residential applica‐tions due to their quick start up and shut down capabilities. This review analyzed the current status of nanocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells and alkaline membrane fuel cells. The preparation process influences the performance of the nanocatalyst. Several synthesis methods are covered for noble and non‐noble metal catalysts on various catalyst supports including carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, nanowires, and graphenes. Ex situ and in situ characterization methods like scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and fuel cell testing of the nanocatalysts on various supports for both proton exchange and alkaline membrane fuel cells are discussed. The accelerated durability estimate of the nanocat‐alysts, predicted by measuring changes in the electrochemically active surface area using a voltage cycling method, is considered one of the most reliable and valuable method for establishing durabil‐ity. 相似文献
97.
中孔MCM-41锚合Zr(IV)-salen催化剂制备及用于硫化物氧化制亚砜和Knoevenagel缩合反应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过NH2-MCM-41与水杨醛反应得到席夫碱配体,然后加入八水氧氯化锆形成络合物,制得Zr(IV)-salen-MCM-41催化剂。采用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、热重、红外光谱、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱和能量散射谱等分析手段对催化剂结构进行了表征。在含有该催化剂的体系中进行了硫化物选择氧化为亚砜以及醛与丙二腈和氰乙酸乙酯的Knoveonagel缩合反应,并考察了催化剂的循环使用性能。 相似文献
98.
以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,通过氧化苯胺和鲁米诺混合溶液合成了聚(苯胺-鲁米诺)复合纳米线。相对于鲁米诺425 nm处的最大荧光发射波长,复合纳米线中聚鲁米诺的最大荧光发射波长明显红移到465 nm处。采用简单的滴凃方式将聚(苯胺-鲁米诺)复合纳米线修饰于石墨电极表面,形成一层稳定的聚(苯胺-鲁米诺)复合纳米线膜。此聚(苯胺-鲁米诺)纳米线膜修饰电极呈现出良好的电化学发光特性,H2O2对化学合成的聚(苯胺-鲁米诺)纳米线电化学发光呈现出增敏效应。在优化实验条件下,修饰电极的电化学发光信号与H2O2在5.0×10#9~1.0×10#5mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为2×10#9mol/L。 相似文献
99.
Tauseef Ahmad Rangreez Mu Naushad Hamid Ali 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2015,95(6):556-568
In this study, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) zirconium(IV) monothiophosphate composite cation exchanger was prepared by sol–gel precipitation method. The presence of sulphur in the cation exchanger enhances affinity towards the heavy metal ions which can improve the selectivity of the material. The selectivity studies showed that the material is selective towards Pb(II) ions. To characterise the material, several physicochemical properties were also studied which includes X-ray, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies. The ion-exchange behaviour of this cation exchanger was studied by using some of the selected properties like ion-exhange capacity for various metal ions, elution, effect of eluent concentration, thermal effect on ion-exchange capacity (IEC). The results of IEC and physicochemical properties revealed that the material is nanocomposite, crystalline, chemically, mechanically and thermally stable. The analytical ability of this cation exchanger was demonstrated in binary separation of Pb(II) ions from a mixture of other metal ions. The recovery is qualitative and the separations are reproducible. 相似文献
100.